ASTM E84, also known as the Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials, is a standardized test used to evaluate the flame spread and smoke development of materials used in building construction. It is a key test for determining compliance with fire safety codes and standards.
Classification of Materials
Based on the results, materials are classified into three categories:
Class A (or Class I):
Flame Spread Index: 0–25
Smoke Developed Index: ≤450
Suitable for areas requiring high fire resistance, such as corridors and exit ways.
Class B (or Class II):
Flame Spread Index: 26–75
Smoke Developed Index: ≤450
Used in areas with moderate fire resistance requirements.
Class C (or Class III):
Flame Spread Index: 76–200
Smoke Developed Index: ≤450
Used in areas with lower fire resistance needs
Applications
ASTM E84 compliance in substrates for digital printing is critical for:
Wall and ceiling finishes (e.g., wallcovering substrates)
Insulation materials
Flooring systems
Fabrics and textiles used in construction